EFECTO DE LOS CUELLOS DE BOTELLA GENÉTICOS EN LAS POBLACIONES ORIGINARIAS DE AMÉRICA

Noel Taboada Lugo; Roberto  Lardoeyt Ferrer

doi:10.52428/20756208.v10i25.539

Authors

Noel Taboada Lugo
Roberto Lardoeyt Ferrer

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52428/20756208.v10i25.539

Keywords:

Human Genetics, Amerindian Population, Genetic drift, Founder Effect, Bottleneck, Population genetics

Abstract

America was the last continent being populated by humans. These native populations suffered severe genetic bottlenecks in which the number of individuals decreased in a notorious way, possibly caused by the limited resources, diseases, and, in some cases, because of the effect of migrations to large distances. The result was the Iow genetic diversity in the Native American population and a great differentiation from the remaining native populations all over the world.

Other key period in the history of Native American populations was the Europeans arrival, which had a deep impact into the genetic pool of Americans to originate population's bottlenecks caused by: epidemics, slavery, wars and famines.

In the analysis of Y chromosome is very common to find the Q haplogroup with frequencies of 100% in Mesoamerica and South America; meanwhile around 97% of Native Americans have the distinct mitochondrial DNA haplogroups A, B, C or D, all of Asia origin. The main genetic characteristic which makes diferent the Native Americans from the rest of human groups all over the world is the predominance of O blood group.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

CABRERO J, CAMACHO JP. Fundamentos de Genética de Poblaciones. En: SOLER M. La base de la Biologia, Granada: Proyecto Sur de Ediciones, S.L; 2003. p. 83-126.

KLUG WS, CUMMINGS M, SPENCER C. Conceptos de Genética. Madrid: Pearson. 8va ed. 2006.

STANLEY HA. Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans. Journal Human Evol. 1998; 35:115-118.

HEY J. On the number of New World founders: A population genetic portrait of the peopling of the Americas. PLOS Biol.2005; 3:e193.

TAMURA K, NEI M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 1993; 10:512—526.

DIXON EJ. Human colonization of the Americas: Timing, technology and process. Quat Sci Rev.2001 ; 20:277-299.

RAY N. A statistical evaluation of models for the initial settlement of the American continent emphasizes the importance of gene flow with Asia. Mol Biol Evol.2010; 27:337—345.

SCHURR T. The Peopling of the New World: Perspectives from Molecular Anthropology. Annu Rev Anthropol 2004. 33: 551-583.

BATTILANA J, FAGUNDES NJR, HELLER AH, GOLDANI A, FREITAS LB. Alu insertion polymorphisms in Native Americans and related Asian populations. Annals Human Biol. 2006; 33(2): 142—160

BATZER MA, DEININGER PL. Alu repeats and human genomic diversity. Nature Rev Genetics. 2002; 3,370-379.

SERILL J. Native American origins arose from multiple Bering Sea migrations. [Internet]. 2012 [citado 16 Mayo 2015]. Disponible en http://www.labgrab.com/users/jeffrey-serrill/blog/native-american-originsarose-multiple-bering-sea-migrations_id%3D1339

FAGUNDES NJ, KANITZ R, BONATTO SL. A reevaluation of the native American mtDNA genome diversity and its b earing on the models of early colonization of Beringia. PLOS ONE.2008; 3:e3157.

REICH D, PATTERSON N, CAMPBELL D, TANDON A, MAZIERES S, RAY N, et al. Reconstructing Native American population history. Nature. 2012; 488:370—374.

COCK SF, BORA WW. Essays in Population History: Mexico and the Caribbean, Vol. Ill. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1979.

DEL POPOLO F, OYARCEL AM. Poblaciön indigena de América Latina: perfil sociodemogråfico en el marco de la CIPD y de las Metas del Milenio. CELADE-Divisiön de Poblaciön, CEPAL. [Internet]. 2005; [citado 16 Mayo 2015). Disponible en: http://www.cepal.org/celade/noticias/paginasR/21237/delpopolo.pdf

UNICEF. Atlas sociolingüistico de los pueblos indigenas de América Latina. (Internet]. 2009 [citado

Mayo 2015). Disponible en: http://www.proeibandes.org/atlas/tomo_l.pdf

Atlas poblacional de culturas amerindias. Instituto de Geofisica de la UNAM. [Internet]. 1999. (citado 16 Mayo 2015). Disponible en: http://naolinco.igeofcu.unam.mx/atlas/pobl_cultur/ame_hoy.htm

FEHREN S. Diachronic investigations of mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal genetic markers in preColumbian Andean highlanders from South Peru. Ann Hum Genet.2011 ; 75:266—283.

CAREY M, PAIGEN B. Epidemiology of the American Indian's burden and it likely genetic origin. Am

J. Phys. Anthropol.2002; 36: 781-791

GIBBSONS D. Peopling of the Americas as infered through analysis of mtDNA. Genetics. 1993; 54:661- 668.

WATERS MR, STAFFORD TW. Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for the peopling of the Americas. Science. 2007; 315 (15): 1122-1126.

FAGUNDES NJ. Mitochondrial population genomics supports a single pre-Clovis origin with a coastal route for the peopling of the Americas. Am J Hum Genet. 2008; 82:583—592.

DOBYNS H. Their number becomes thinned: Native American population dynamics in Eastern North America. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1983.

LIVI-BACCI M. The depopulation of Hispanic America after the conquest. Popul Dev Rev. 2006; 32:199-232.

TATSUO A, MORENO O, VENTOSA-SANTAULARIA D. Decrecimiento de la poblaciön indigena durante la colonizaciån espafiola. o explotaciön? Inv Econ. 2010; 69(272): 122-129.

SEMPAT AC. La despoblaciån indigena en Perü y Nueva Espana durante el siglo XVI y la formaciön de la economia colonial. Hist Mexicana, 1989; 38(3):419—453.

DEL CAMPILLO C. Las grandes epidemias en la América colonial. Arch Zootec. 2001 ; 50: 597-612.

MCNEIL WH. Plagues and People. New York: Anchor books Editions, 1998.

BARRY l. The Sirionos of eastern Bolivia: A reexamination. Hum Ecology. 1977; 5(2): 137-154.

Encuentro Continental de Ios Pueblos Indios. [Internet). 1990 [citado 16 Mayo 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/2/667/11 .pdf