Dyslipidemia and associated factors in patients hospitalized in internal medicine of the Caja Petrolera de Salud of Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Authors

  • Javier Rodrigo Llanos Baldivieso Universidad Evangelica Boliviana
  • Maria Elena Cespedes Calatayud Universidad Evangelica Boliviana
  • Estela Edith Titto Omonte Universidad Evangelica Boliviana
  • Adriana Hilary Aguirre Amador Universidad Evangelica Boliviana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52428/20756208.v20i48.1241

Keywords:

Dislipidemia, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, enfermedades cardiovasculares, factores de riesgo, estudios transversales

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of death globally, are linked to dyslipidemia, a lipid disorder with critical public health implications. This study sought to determine the frequency of dyslipidemia and its associated factors in hospitalized patients. Material and methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive-cross-sectional study with a deductive approach was conducted from April 29 to May 3, 2024, at the Caja Petrolera de Salud (Petroleum Health Fund) in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Fifty-seven adult Internal Medicine patients were selected by convenience, following inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, hospitalization ≥24 hours, and availability of clinical records. Patients with cancer or terminal illnesses were excluded. Data were collected through medical record review and a structured questionnaire validated by experts (Cronbach's α = 0,78). The analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square test, relative risk (RR), and p-value. Results: Dyslipidemia was present in 35% of cases, with hypertriglyceridemia predominating (50%), followed by a mixed profile (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia) (35%) and hypercholesterolemia (15%). Ninety-five percent were men (relative risk = 24, p < 0,05). Other associated factors included family history (relative risk = 3.6, p < 0,05), obesity (80% of cases), and medication use (65%). Discussion: Dyslipidemia is prevalent in older men and is linked to obesity and pharmacotherapy. Comprehensive preventive strategies are needed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Maria Elena Cespedes Calatayud, Universidad Evangelica Boliviana

Coordinadora de la Carrera de Medicina , Cirugía y Salud Familiar de la Universidad Evangélica Boliviana

Estela Edith Titto Omonte, Universidad Evangelica Boliviana

Profesora de Endocrinología en la carrera de Medicina, Cirugía y Medicina Familiar de la Universidad Evangélica Boliviana.

References

Organización Mundial de la Salud. Enfermedades cardiovasculares [Internet]. [consultado el 10 de agosto 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases

Libby P, et al. Atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. [Internet]. 2019 [consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]; 5(1):56. doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0106-z

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0106-z

PMid:31420554

Ference BA, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. [Internet]. 2017

[consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]. 38(32):2459-72. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144

PMid:28444290 PMCid:PMC5837225

World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: cholesterol [Internet]. [consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/cholesterol.

Kotseva K, et al. EUROASPIRE V: a European Society of Cardiology survey. Eur J Prev Cardiol. [Internet]. 2019

[consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]. 26(4):394-405. doi:10.1177/2047487318825350

https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487318825350

PMid:30739508

Zhang X, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. [Internet]. 2018

[consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]. 17(1):247. doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0895-1

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-018-0895-1

PMid:30428934 PMCid:PMC6236929

Anderson TJ, et al. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for Dyslipidemia. Can J Cardiol. [Internet]. 2016

[consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]. 32(11):1263-82. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510

PMid:27712954

Roth GA, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases, 1990-2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. [Internet]. 2020

[consultado el 10 de agosto de 2024]. 76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

PMid:33309175 PMCid:PMC7755038

Noubiap JJ, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among adults in Africa. Lancet Glob Health. [Internet]. 2018

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30275-4

PMid:30103999

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 6(9):e998-e1007. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30333-6

Gupta R, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in India: India heart watch. World J Cardiol. 2012

https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v4.i4.112

PMid:22558490 PMCid:PMC3342579

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 4(4):112-20. doi:10.4330/wjc.v4.i4.112

https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v4.i4.112

PMid:22558490 PMCid:PMC3342579

Ponte-Negretti CI, et al. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in Latin America. Int J Cardiol. [Internet]. 2017; [consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 243:516-22. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.059

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.059

PMid:28552520

Gonzales GF, et al. Cardiovascular disease in the Andean region. Glob Heart. [Internet]. 2019

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 14(2):177-85. doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2019.05.003

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2019.05.003

PMid:31324368

Gitt AK, et al. Dyslipidemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Germany. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015;104(11):969-77. doi:10.1007/s00392-015-0863-y

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-015-0863-y

PMid:25956143

Guallar-Castillón P, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among the elderly in Spain. Atherosclerosis. [Internet]. 2015; [consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 240(1):99-105. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.052

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.052

PMid:25795555 PMCid:PMC4397184

Wu J, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among Chinese adults. Lipids Health Dis. [Internet]. 2019

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 18(1):58. doi:10.1186/s12944-019-1006-7

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1006-7

PMid:30871555 PMCid:PMC6417088

Benn M, et al. Fam ilial hypercholesterolemia in Denmark. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. [Internet]. 2012

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 97(11):3956-64. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1563

https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1563

PMid:22893714

Sacks FM, et al. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. [Internet]. 2017

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025]. 136(3):e1-e23. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510

PMid:28620111

Hirano T. Pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb. [Internet]. 2018

https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV17023

PMid:29998913 PMCid:PMC6143775

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025] 25(9):771-82. doi:10.5551/jat.RV17023

https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV17023

PMid:29998913 PMCid:PMC6143775

Nordestgaard BG. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2016

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249

PMid:26892957

[consultado el 10 de marzo de 2025] 118(4):547-63. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249

PMid:26892957

Klop B, et al. Dyslipidemia in obesity: mechanisms and targets. Nutrients. [Internet] 2013

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041218

PMid:23584084 PMCid:PMC3705344

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 5(4):1218-40. doi:10.3390/nu5041218

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041218

PMid:23584084 PMCid:PMC3705344

Rojas R, et al. Metabolic syndrome in Mexican adults. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;52(Suppl 1):S11-S18. doi:10.1590/s0036-36342010000700004

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-36342010000700004

PMid:20585723

Correll CU, et al. Cardiometabolic risk of antipsychotics. JAMA. [Internet] 2009

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 302(16):1765-73. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1549

https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1549

PMid:19861668 PMCid:PMC3055794

Serretti A, et al. Side effects of antipsychotics: metabolic syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol. [Internet] 2011

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 31(5):657-66. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e31822c0f35

Teslovich TM, et al. Biological relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature. [Internet] 2010

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 466(7307):707-13. doi:10.1038/nature09270.

https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09270

PMid:20686565 PMCid:PMC3039276

Weiss LA, et al. The genetics of blood lipid levels. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. [Internet] 2006

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 7:223-66. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115606

Benn M, et al. Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Danish population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. [Internet] 2012 [consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025]; 97(11):3956-64. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1563

https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1563

PMid:22893714

Grundy SM, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. [Internet] 2005

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 112(17):2735-52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404

PMid:16157765

Mottillo S, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. [Internet] 2010

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 56(14):1113-32. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.034

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.034

PMid:20863953

Aguilar-Salinas CA, et al. Metabolic syndrome in Mexico. Arch Med Res. [Internet] 2003; [consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 34(1):1-4. doi:10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00443-4

Townsend N, et al. Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update [Internet] 2016. Eur Heart J. 2016

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw334

PMid:27523477

[consultado el 10 de febrero de 2025] 37(42):3232-45. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw334

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw334

PMid:27523477

Published

2025-06-27

How to Cite

Llanos Baldivieso, J. . R., Cespedes Calatayud, M. E., Titto Omonte, E. E., & Aguirre Amador, A. H. (2025). Dyslipidemia and associated factors in patients hospitalized in internal medicine of the Caja Petrolera de Salud of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Revista De Investigación E Información En Salud, 20(48), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.52428/20756208.v20i48.1241

Issue

Section

Artículos Originales