The Use of sodium hypochlorite in endodontics: concentration, temperature and activation
Uso del Hipoclorito de Sodio en Endodoncia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52428/20756208.v20i49.1322Keywords:
Endodontics, Root canal irrigation, Sodium hypochlorite, Temperature, Ultrasonic activationAbstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the primary irrigant in endodontics due to its antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving properties. The objective was to analyze how concentration, temperature, and activation methods modulate the clinical efficacy and safety of NaOCl. A narrative review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The findings indicated that 2.5-3% concentrations achieve a good balance of efficacy/biocompatibility when combined with activation; heating at 45-60°C enhances dissolution and antibiofilm action; and passive ultrasonic agitation (PUI) provides the best support for penetration and cleaning. It is concluded that combined and customized protocols (intermediate concentration + controlled heating + activation) optimize disinfection and reduce risks.
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