High blood pressure, cardiovascular risk factors and therapeutic adherence multicentric registry in Cochabamba-Bolivia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52428/20756208.v18i45.1040Keywords:
Hipertensión arterial, Presión arterial, Obesidad, Diabetes MellitusAbstract
Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is the main cause of cardiovascular death, affecting more than 30 % of the population; It is the fundamental risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases; It is necessary to know its prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and adherence to treatment. Materials and methods: Observational, analytical, prospective, cross-sectional study; In two stages (World High Blood Pressure and Heart Day), 20 institutions participated; The recommendations of the 2020 global hypertension practice guidelines and the International HTN Society were followed, through a survey and the Morisky-Green-Levine test to evaluate adherence to treatment. Results: 1624 individuals were included; 20 % prevalence; 58,8 % female; median age of 63 years in hypertensive patients; blood pressure (BP) with 130/80 mmHg in HTN. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with 31 %, dyslipidemia 12 % and BMI of 29,9 Kg/m2, with higher values in overweight and obesity in patients with HTN (p=<0,001). Most used therapy losartan with 62 %. Treatment adherence response reflects 61 % indicating occasional forgetfulness and 44 % stopping if they feel well. On the other hand, there is a 6,37 times greater probability of HTN with DM2, dyslipidemia (OR=2,40), age (OR=4,85); The ROC curve shows an AUC of 0,731 for age and 0,6 for weight and BMI. Conclusion: It shows that early diagnosis and management of HTN is essential, taking into account several risk factors such as age, DM2, dyslipidemia and BMI.
Downloads
References
Tecla M, Temu, MD, Macharia P. Obesity and risk for hypertension and diabetes among Kenyan adults Results from a national survey. Medicine. [Online].; 2021 [cited 2023 Noviembre 20. 100 (40). p 1-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027484
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027484
Uchmanowicz B, Chudiak A, Uchmanowicz I.. Factors influencing adherence to treatment in older adults with hypertension. Clinical Interventions in Aging. [Online].; 2018 [cited 2023 noviembre 20. 13. p 2425-2441. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6276633/
https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S182881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S182881
Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 2002; 360: 1347-60; doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11403-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11403-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11403-6
WHO. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organization. , https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241563871; 2009
Evans A, Tolonen H, Hense HW, Ferrario M, Sans S, Kuulasmaa K. Trends in coronary risk factors in the WHO MONICA project. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30 (suppl 1): S35-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.s35
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.S35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.S35
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet 2021; 398: 957-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1
Yoon S, Fryar C, Carrol M.. Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2011-2014.. National Center for Health Statistics data brief. November 2015; (220):1-8. https://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/databriefs/db220.pdf
Marin Marcos J, Fábregues Guillermo, Rodríguez Pablo D, et al. Registro Nacional de Hipertensión Arterial: Conocimiento, tratamiento y control de la hipertensión arterial. Estudio RENATA. Rev. argent. cardiol. 80 (2): 121-129. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1850-37482012000200005&lng=es
Ministerio de Salud de Chile. diprece.minsal.cl. [Online]. [cited 2023 octubre 11. Available from: https://diprece.minsal.cl/garantias-explicitas-en-salud-auge-o-ges/guias-de-practica-clinica/hipertension-arterial-primaria-o-esencial-en-personas-de-15-anos-y-mas/descripcion-y-epidemiologia/
Zurique Sánchez, M. S., Zurique Sánchez, C. P., Camacho López, P. A., Sanchez Sanabria, M., & Hernández Hernández, S. C. Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en Colombia: Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis.. Acta Médica Colombiana, 44(4). doi:10.36104/amc.2019.1293
https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2019.1293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2019.1293
Hackam DG, Quinn RR, Ravani P, Rabi DM, Dasgupta K, et al. The 2013 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2013 May;29(5):528-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.01.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2013.01.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2013.01.005
Thomas Unger, Claudio Borghi, Fadi Charchar, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020;75:1334-1357. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026
https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026
Tellería AL, Arias J, et al. Presión de pulso y retinopatía. Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial. Centro Cardiovascular Regional del estado Falcón. Rev. latinoam. Hipertens. Vol. 3 Nº 1, 2008. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1856-45502008000100004
Díaz Portillo J. Guía Práctica del Curso de Bioestadística Aplicada a las Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria. [Online]. Madrid; 2011 [cited 2023 mayo 20. Available from: https://ingesa.sanidad.gob.es/bibliotecaPublicaciones/publicaciones/internet/docs/Guia_Practica_Bioestadistica.pdf
Kirkwood B, Sterne J. Essential Medical Statistics. Company, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. [Online].; 2006 [cited 2022 diciembre 12. Available from: https://books.google.com.bo/books/about/Essential_Medical_Statistics.html?id=8GemDQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Montgomery D, Runger G. Applied statistics and probability for engineers. 3rd ed. Arizona: Wiley and Sons. [Online].; 2002 [cited 2021 julio 5. Available from: https://spada.uns.ac.id/pluginfile.php/196559/mod_resource/content/1/Douglas%20C.%20Montgomery%20Applied%20Statistics%20and%20Probability%20for%20Engineers%203ed.pdf
Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika.. [Online].; 1951, 16 [cited 2019 mayo 30. Available from: http://cda.psych.uiuc.edu/psychometrika_johnson/CronbachPaper%20(1).pdf
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
20 (4) [cited 2018 enero 20. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72720458.pdf
Elosua P, Zumbo B.. Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psichotema.. [Online].; 2008. 20
(4) [cited 2018 enero 20. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72720458.pdf
50 (3) [cited 2022 abril 10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200710415
https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200710415
Ruopp MD, Perkins NJ, Whitcomb BW, Schisterman EF. Youden Index and optimal cut-point estimated from observations affected by a lower limit of detection. Biom J. [Online].; 2008. 50
https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200710415
(3) [cited 2022 abril 10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200710415
https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200710415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200710415
Youden W. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. [Online].; 1950. 3 [cited 2018 febrero 10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1%3C32::aid-cncr2820030106%3E3.0.co;2-3
Zekewos A, Egeno T, Loha E. The magnitude of hypertension and its risk factors in southern Ethiopia: A community based study. [Online].; 2019 [cited 2023 Noviembre 20. p 1-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221726
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221726
Egan B, Zhao Y, Axon R. US Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA. 2010; 303: 2048-50. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.650
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.650
Pirkle CM, Ylli A, Burazeri G. Social and community factors associated with hypertension awareness and control among older adults in Tirana, Albania. The European Journal of Public Health. [Online].; 2018 [cited 2023 Noviembre 20. 28 (6). p 1163-1168. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241205/pdf/cky036.pdf
Santimaria MR, Arbex Borim FS, da Cunha Leme DE. Arterial hypertension diagnostic and drug therapy failure among Brazilian elderly - FIBRA Study. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. [Online].; 2019 [cited 2023 Noviembre 22. p 3733-3742. Available from: DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182410.32442017
https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182410.32442017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182410.32442017
Lindholm L. Hypertension and ageing. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1990;12(5):745-59. doi: 10.3109/10641969009073496
https://doi.org/10.3109/10641969009073496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/10641969009073496
Connelly PJ, Currie G, Delles C. Sex Differences in the Prevalence, Outcomes and Management of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2022 Jun;24(6):185-192. doi: 10.1007/s11906-022-01183-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01183-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01183-8
Ostchega Y, Fryar CD, Nwankwo T, Nguyen DT.. Hypertension prevalence among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2020;364:1-8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db364-h.pdf
Gensini GF, Corradi F. Hypertension as a function of age. Ital Heart J. 2000 Jun;1 Suppl 2:23-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10905125/
Kim SY, Jeong SH, Joo HJ. High prevalence of hypertension among smokers of conventional and e-cigarette: Using the nationally representative community dwelling survey. Frontiers in PublicHealth. [Online].; 2022 [cited 2023 Noviembre 20. p 1-10. Available from: DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.919585
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.919585 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.919585
Conte E, Morales Y, Niño C, Zamorano C, Benavides M, Donato M et al. La adherencia a los medicamentos en pacientes hipertensos y en muestra de la población general. Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR. 2020 ; 30( 4 ): 313-323. doi.org/10.4321/s1699-714x2020000400011
Coelho Junior HJ, Rodrigues B, Da Silva Aguiar S. Hypertension and functional capacities in community-dwelling older women: a crosssectional. Blood Pressure. [Online].; 2017. 26 (3). p 156-165 [cited 2023 Noviembre 20. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2016.1270163
https://doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2016.1270163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2016.1270163
Diaz ME. Hypertension and obesity. J Hum Hypertens. 2002 Mar;16 Suppl 1:S18-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001335
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001335
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Claudia Patricia Paz Soldan Patino, Daniel Saavedra Rodríguez, Silvia Ureña Cordero, Lucía Antezana Navia, Claudia Villanueva de la Rosa, Rommer Alex Ortega Martinez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
