Microbots y nanobots para el tratamiento de tumores cancerígenos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52428/20758944.v18i53.249Palabras clave:
Microbots, Nanobots, Cáncer, Administración de fármacosResumen
El uso de nano y microbots como tratamiento para tumores cancerígenos, tuvo avances acelerados durante los últimos años, debido a esto se consideró pertinente realizar esta revisión documental. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva del avance de su aplicación actual, su funcionamiento y las ventajas y desventajas de su utilización. Varios modelos nano y microbots están inspirados en bacterias y otros organismos vivos, por sus propiedades en el tratamiento del cáncer. Por su parte, las nanomedicinas tienen ventajas en comparación con la administración convencional de fármacos, la combinación de estos conceptos da como resultado, un tratamiento de tumores cancerígenos más efectivo. Actualmente los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los nano y microbots son: sobrevivir, por ejemplo, al sistema inmunológico; localizar al tumor y ser ubicados por operadores humanos, realizar la operación específica de liberación de fármacos y ser eliminados del cuerpo una vez completada su misión. En la evolución de los micro y nanobots, cada vez existen modelos más eficientes y esto puede traducirse en grandes beneficios, siendo el principal la reducción de efectos secundarios, debido al sistema de liberación precisa del fármaco.
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Felfoul, O., Mohammadi, M., Taherkhani, S., de Lanauze, D., Zhong Xu, Y., Loghin, D., Essa, S., Jancik, S., Houle, D., Lafleur, M., Gaboury, L., Tabrizian, M., Kaou, N., Atkin, M., Vuong, T., Batist, G., Beauchemin, N., Radzioch, D., & Martel, S. (2016). Magneto-aerotactic bacteria deliver drug-containing nanoliposomes to tumour hypoxic regions. Nature Nanotechnology, 11(11), 941–947. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.137
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Hosseinidoust, Z., Mostaghaci, B., Yasa, O., Park, B. W., Singh, A. V., & Sitti, M. (2016). Bioengineered and biohybrid bacteria-based systems for drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 106, 27–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.007
Hua, S., De Matos, M. B., Metselaar, J. M., & Storm, G. (2018). Current trends and challenges in the clinical translation of nanoparticulate nanomedicines: pathways for translational development and commercialization. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 790. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00790
Huwyler, J., Kettiger, H., Schipanski, A., & Wick, P. (2013). Engineered nanomaterial uptake and tissue distribution: from cell to organism. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 3255. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s49770 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S49770
Krishna, G., Mary, L. R., & Jerome, K. (2019, March). Nanobots for biomedical applications. In Proceedings of the 2019 9th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology (pp. 270-279).doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3326172.3326189 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3326172.3326189
Liu, S. Xu, X. Zeng, X. Li, L. Chen, Q. & Li, J. (2014). Tumor-targeting bacterial therapy: A potential treatment for oral cancer (Review). Oncology Letters, 8(6), 2359–2366. doi: https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2525
Medina-Sánchez, M., & Schmidt, O. G. (2017). Medical microbots need better imaging and control. Nature News, 545(7655), 406.doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/545406a DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/545406a
Min, J. J., Nguyen, V. H., & Gambhir, S. S. (2010). Molecular imaging of biological gene delivery vehicles for targeted cancer therapy: beyond viral vectors. Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 44(1), 15-24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-009-0006-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-009-0006-3
Mostaghaci, B., Yasa, O., Zhuang, J., & Sitti, M. (2017). Bacteriabots: bioadhesive bacterial microswimmers for targeted drug delivery in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts (Adv. Sci. 6/2017). Advanced Science, 4(6). doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201770031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201770031
Ng, W. M., Teng, X. J., Guo, C., Liu, C., Low, S. C., Chan, D. J. C., ... & Lim, J. (2019). Motion control of biohybrid microbots under low Reynolds number environment: Magnetotaxis. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 141, 107530. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107530
Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS]. (2021, 3 marzo). Cáncer. Recuperado de: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
Paciotti, G. F., Myer, L., Weinreich, D., Goia, D., Pavel, N., McLaughlin, R. E., & Tamarkin, L. (2004). Colloidal gold: a novel nanoparticle vector for tumor directed drug delivery. Drug Delivery, 11(3), 169–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717540490433895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717540490433895
Palagi, S., & Fischer, P. (2018). Bioinspired microrobots. Nature Reviews Materials, 3(6), 113–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0016-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0016-9
Sanchez, S., Solovev, A. A., Schulze, S., & Schmidt, O. G. (2011). Controlled manipulation of multiple cells using catalytic microbots. Chemical Communications, 47(2), 698-700. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CC04126B DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CC04126B
Schuerle, S. & Danino, T. (2020). Bacteria as living microrobots to fight cancer. The Scientist. Recuperado de: https://www.the-scientist.com/features/bacteria-as-living-microrobots-to-fight-cancer-67305
Schmidt, C. K., Medina-Sánchez, M., Edmondson, R. J., & Schmidt, O. G. (2020). Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1-18.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19322-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19322-7
Shi, J., Kantoff, P. W., Wooster, R., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2017). Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities. Nature reviews cancer, 17(1), 20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.108
Sonntag, L., Simmchen, J., & Magdanz, V. (2019). Nano-and micromotors designed for cancer therapy. Molecules, 24(18), 3410. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183410
Tu, Y., Peng, F., André, A. A. M., Men, Y., Srinivas, M., & Wilson, D. A. (2017a). Biodegradable hybrid stomatocyte nanomotors for drug delivery. ACS Nano, 11(2), 1957–1963. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b08079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b08079
Tu, Y., Peng, F., White, P. B., & Wilson, D. A. (2017b). Redox-Sensitive stomatocyte nanomotors: destruction and drug release in the presence of glutathione. Angewandte Chemie, 129(26), 7728–7732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201703276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201703276
Wang, W., & Zhou, C. (2021). A Journey of nanomotors for targeted cancer therapy: principles, challenges, and a critical review of the State‐of‐the‐Art. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 10(2), 2001236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001236
Wicki, A., Witzigmann, D., Balasubramanian, V., & Huwyler, J. (2015). Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications. Journal of Controlled Release, 200, 138–157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.030
Zhang, C., Yan, L., Wang, X., Zhu, S., Chen, C., Gu, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Progress, challenges, and future of nanomedicine. Nano Today, 35, 101008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101008
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- Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as a compartir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo: en repositorios institucionales o páginas web personales) antes y durante el proceso de envío del manuscrito, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos, a una mayor y más rápida citación del trabajo publicado.
