JLASC
Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture
“JLASC promotes scientific knowledge for the construction of cultural values, the exchange of knowledge, the sharing of information, in lock- step with the construction of a community and shared future.”
Prof. Dr. Marco A. Cabero Z. Editor-in-Chief
Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture (JLASC)
“JLASC is open to the world. Popularizing sci- ence can contribute to the development of soci- ety and improve the well-being and well living of people.”
Editorial Team
Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture
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Editor-in-Chief:
Marco A. Cabero Z. – Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology (ARCST).
Associate Editors:
Sylvain Eimer – Beihang University (BUAA), China.
Javier Ibanez-Guzman – Renault Research Divi- sion, France.
Eduardo Vega A. – Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico.
Edgar Ramos S. – Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE), Bolivia.
Wang Xinsheng – Beihang University, China.
Jasivia Gonzales Rocabado – Museum of Nation- al History, Bolivia.
Linda Wong – Deputy Secretary-General of Chi- na Biodiversity Conservation and Green Devel- opment Foundation (CBCGDF)
Zhou Jinfeng – Secretary-General of China Bio- diversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF)
Li Yan – Renmin University of China
Violetta Bushanova – Beihang University
(BUAA), Kazakhstan.
Luan Henrique – Geospace Technology, Brazil.
Rodrigo Gantier – Shang Jia Tong University, China.
Jose A. Aponte – Universidad Pedagogica Exper- imental Libertador (UPEL). Venezuela.
Grisel Jimenez – Universiti Teknologi PETRO- NAS (UTP), Malaysia.
Gabriela Conde S. – Max Schreier Planetarium of Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Bolivia.
Elyka Abello – Innova Space, Venezuela.
Luis Marco Fernandez Sandoval (UNIVALLE)
Assistant Editors:
Rafaela M. Molina V. – Coordinator of the South- ern Cone Conservation Chapter of the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB), Bolivia.
Shantel Guillaume – Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology, France.
Clara Zhang – University of the Chinese Acade- my of Sciences, China.
Kornikova Miroslava – Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology, Russia.
Paola Guañuna – Beijing Normal University, China.
Reviewer’s committee:
Ojeda S. Mary L., Universidad Central del Valle del Cauca – Tuluá.
Perez C. Jose G., Universidad Central del Valle del Cauca – Tuluá .
Nora Lizarro Guzman, Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE), Bolivia.
Li Yan, Renmin University, China. Claire Billot
Medico, Fundación CEADES, Bolivia.
Juan Manuel Balderrama, Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE), Bolivia.
Abrahan Matias Arnez, Tropical Medicine & Medical Entomology BMES, Guatemala.
Wang Teng – Beijing Changfeng Information Technology Industry Alliance International De- partment, China.
Jose A. Aponte – Universidad Pedagogica Exper- imental Libertador (UPEL). Venezuela.
Guo Jiayun – Capital University of Economics and Business, China.
Gerson Cuba – Beihang University.
Sherry Xu – University of New South Wales, Australia.
Luan Henrique – Geospace Technology, Brazil.
Oscar A. Nalvarte Cuadros Q., Natural English, Bolivia.
Elyka Abello – Innova Space, Venezuela.
Shasha Liu – China LEYA Cultural Communica- tion Center/Could., Ltd.
Martin I. Valenzuela P. – Industrias Belen SRL, Bolivia.
University authorities M.Sc. Gonzalo Ruiz Ostria President
Diego Villegas Zamora, Ph.D. Academic Vice President M.Sc. Sandra Ruiz Ostria
Vice-President for Social Interaction
M.Sc. Franklin Nestor Rada
Academic Vice President of the La Paz Branch
M.Sc. Antonio Carvalho Suarez
Academic Vice President Santa Cruz Branch
MBA. Carlos Torricos Merida
Academic Vice President Sucre Branch
M.Sc. René Monk Morant
Academic Vice President Trinidad Branch
M.Sc. Jorge Ruiz de la Quintana
National Research Director
Lic. Daniela Zambrana Grandy
General Secretary
The content of the articles published in this edi- tion are sole responsibility of the authors. The views don’t necessarily reflect those of the Pub- lisher or the Journal.
https://revistas.univalle.edu/index.php/jlsc Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE). Tel: (591) 4 – 4318800.
Fax: (591) 4 - 4318886.
Tiquipaya University Campus.
Guillermina Martínez Street, w / n, Tiquipaya.
P.O. Box 4742.
Cochabamba - Bolivia.
www.journalasc.org https://revistas.univalle.edu/index.php/jlsc/about/contact Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture (JLASC). Tel: (86) 18518415088
Beijing China
The Journal of Latin American Sciences and Cul- ture (JLASC) is an international journal seek- ing to promote the scientific landscape in Latin America by pushing conventional boundaries to include issues, perspectives, and methods rele- vant to education, science, technology, and cul- ture. JLASC thus intends to truly internationalize these areas through the journal’s global reach.
The JLASC seeks to lay bare not only the diver- sity and richness of Latin American scientific issues, but of perspectives, research methods, and evidence of the many creative crossflows of influence that exist between Latin America, Sino-American cultures, and other peripheries. Through JLASC, education, science, technolo- gy can be powered by wide-ranging ideas from many cultures and research areas.
The JLASC welcomes submissions that focus on empirical research, theoretical analyses, or liter- ature and book reviews. Proposals for special is- sues are actively encouraged and should be dis- cussed with the Editor-in-Chief or a member of the Senior Editorial Team of the journal.
The JLASC promotes scientific literacy, the pop- ularization of science, media and information literacy (MIL) following the guidelines of UN- ESCO The JLASC also promotes the exchange of knowledge and the dissemination of infor- mation for the development of society through science, technology, innovation, education, and culture. Special attention is given to the use and promotion of Spanish for these purposes, as the Cervantes Institute is one of our collaborators. We also count on the support of Chaoxuan Intel- ligent Research Institute and Elektro High Tech Co. Ltd for the promotion of science and technol- ogy and their advancement that can be beneficial for the world.
JLASC is a peer-reviewed journal published in English, Spanish and Chinese by Universidad
Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE), Bolivia. The jour- nal only publishes manuscripts that meet world- class standards of global academic publications. These must follow the guidelines provided on the website in the instructions for authors.
Those submissions deemed by the Edi- tor-in-Chief and the Senior Editorial Team to meet world-class standards will be published regardless of authors’ ability to pay the Ar- ticle Publication Charges (APCs), which are US$600/£460/€530. Waivers for APCs can be re- quested by all authors regardless of background and will be appraised by the Publisher and the Editors based on individual circumstances and the ability to pay. Those who are truly unable to afford the APCs will receive full waivers. This in- cludes many Latin American scholars, as well as graduate students, independent researchers, and researchers from around the globe who do not have grants or other funds to cover publication costs.
Authors must submit their manuscripts through the UNIVALLE website, Website Customization by: OpenJournalSystems.com (journal homep- age: www.journalasc.org and submission site: www.revistas.univalle.edu), and receive an ac- knowledgment of submission. The Editorial Team assesses the manuscript and the author is notified that the manuscript has either been re- jected or that it is to be sent out for double blind external review.
Read the Instructions for Authors for informa- tion on how to submit your article in https:// journalasc.org/author-instructions/
Online ISSN: 2788-8991
2 issues per year
The Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture is in process to be indexed/abstracted in:
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Publishers Portico Publons
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cimiento Científico (REDIB)
SciBase Scopus
Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory WorldCat (OCLC)
The publisher, Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) and the Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology (ARCST), make ev- ery effort to ensure the accuracy of all the infor- mation (the “Content”) contained in our publi- cations. However, UNIVALLE, our agents, our licensors and the ARCST (journal co-owner), make no representations or warranties whatso- ever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suit-
ability for any purpose of the Content. Any opin- ions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by UNIVALLE or ARCST (journal co-owner). The accuracy of the content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. UNIVALLE and ARCST shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceed- ings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to, or arising out of the use of the con- tent published online.
The following policies apply to the Journal of Lat- in American Sciences and Culture (JLASC). Where the journal is hosted at Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) on behalf the Andean Road Countries for Sciences and Technology. Please read these policies in full before submitting your article, to ensure you’ve correctly followed all the requirements.
You and your co-authors must list all relevant affiliations to attribute where the research or scholarly work was approved and/or supported and/or conducted. For non-research articles, you must list your current institutional affiliation. If you have moved to a different institution before the article has been published, you should list the affiliation where the work was conducted, and include a note to state your current affilia- tion. If you do not have a current relevant insti- tutional affiliation, you should state your inde- pendent status.
The Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on appeals to journal editor decisions and complaints about a jour- nal’s editorial management of the peer-review process. We welcome genuine appeals to editor decisions. However, you will need to provide
strong evidence or new data/information in re- sponse to the editor’s and reviewers’ comments. Where you, as an author, wish to comment on aspects of the journal’s editorial management please contact us at: editorial@journalasc.org
Listing authors’ names on an article is an import- ant mechanism to give credit to those who have significantly contributed to the work. It also en- sures transparency for those who are responsible for the integrity of the content. Authors listed on an article must meet all of the following criteria:
Made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that’s in the conception, study design, execution, ac- quisition of data, analysis and interpre- tation, or in all these areas.
Have drafted or written, or substantially
revised or critically reviewed the article.
Have agreed on the journal to which the
article will be submitted.
Reviewed and agreed on all versions of the article before submission, during revision, the f inal version accepted for publication, and any significant changes introduced at the proofing stage.
Agree to take responsibility and be ac- countable for the contents of the article and to share responsibility to resolve any questions raised about the accuracy or integrity of the published work.
The journal editor will not decide on order of authorship and cannot arbitrate authorship dis- putes. Where unresolved disputes between the authors arise, the institution(s) where the work was performed will be asked to investigate. Con- sider details such as:
·Corresponding authors
·Changes in authorship
·Assistance from scientific, medical, technical writers or translators
·Assistance with experiments and data analysis
·Acknowledgments
·Author name change policy
Research and non-research articles must cite relevant, timely, and verified literature (peer-re- viewed, where appropriate) to support any claims made in the article. You must avoid ex- cessive and inappropriate self-citation or prear- rangements among author groups to inappro- priately cite each other’s work, as this can be considered a form of misconduct called citation manipulation. If you’re the author of a non-re- search article (e.g. a Review, Opinion, etc) you should ensure the references you cite are rele- vant and provide a fair and balanced overview of the current state of research or scholarly work on the topic. Your references should not be unfair- ly biased towards a particular research group, organization or journal. If you are unsure about whether to cite a source you should contact the journal editorial office for advice.
You and all of your co-authors must declare any competing interests relevant to, or which can be perceived to be relevant to the article. A com- peting interest can occur where you (or your employer, sponsor or family/friends) have a fi- nancial, commercial, legal, or professional rela- tionship with other organizations, or with the people working with them which could influ- ence the research or interpretation of the results. Competing interests can be financial or non-fi- nancial in nature. To ensure transparency, you must also declare any associations which can be perceived by others as a competing interest.
Sometimes after an article has been published it may be necessary to make a change to the Ver- sion of Record (VoR). This will be done after careful consideration by the Editor who is also supported by Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) and the Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology to ensure any neces- sary changes are done in accordance with guid- ance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Any necessary changes will be accom- panied with a post-publication notice which will
be permanently linked to the original article. This can be in the form of a Correction notice, an Expression of Concern, a Retraction and in rare circumstances a Removal. The purpose of this mechanism of making changes which are permanent and transparent is to ensure the in- tegrity of the scholarly record. Read our full pol- icy on corrections, retractions, and updates to published articles.
A data repository is a storage space for research- ers to deposit data sets associated with their re- search. And if you’re an author seeking to com- ply with a journal data sharing policy, you’ll need to identify a suitable repository for your data. Read our guide to choosing a data reposi- tory which includes some generalist repositories you may wish to consider.
Where community-endorsed mandates exist for submission of data to public repositories, au- thors should submit the datasets to the appro- priate repositories and provide the accession numbers (where available) in the paper. Exam- ples of repositories community-endorsed public repositories include:
DNA and RNA sequences Genbank
DNA and RNA sequences EMBL Nucleotide Se- quence Database (ENA)
Gene expression Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)
Gene expression ArrayExpress Genetic polymorphisms dbSNP NCBI Genetic polymorphisms dbVar NCBI
Genetic polymorphisms European Variation Ar- chive (EVA)
Linked genotype and phenotype data dbGAP NCBI
Linked genotype and phenotype data European Genome-Phenome Archive (EGA)
Protein sequences Uniprot Proteomics data PRIDE Proteomics data PeptideAtlas
Metabolomics data Metabolomics Workbench 3-D printable models NIH 3D Print Exchange Neuroimaging data OpenNeuro Neuroimaging data NeuroVault
Macromolecular structures Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank (BMRB)
Macromolecular structures Electron Microscopy Data Resource (EMDB)
Macromolecular structures Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB)
Macromolecular structures RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB)
Crystallographic data Cambridge Crystallo- graphic Data Centre (CCDC)
Crystallographic data Crystallography Open Database (COD)
Earth and environmental science data PAN- GAEA
Earth and environmental science data NERC Data Centres
Earth and environmental science data World Data Center for Climate (WDCC)
Earth and environmental science data Knowl- edge Network for Biocomplexity (KNB)
Earth and environmental science data Earth- Chem
High Energy Physics Data HEPData Archaeology Data Archaeology Data Service (ADS)
Paleontology Data Paleobiology Database Humanities outputs CORE (Humanities Com- mons)
To enable full assessment of submissions, you must make available on request to Editors and/ or reviewers any custom computer codes, soft- ware tools, or algorithms which have been used to generate the results and conclusions that are reported in your manuscript.
Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) re- spects its authors’ decisions regarding the des-
ignations of territories in its published material. Universidad Privada del Valle‘s (UNIVALLE) policy is to take a neutral stance in relation to territorial disputes or jurisdictional claims in its published content, including in maps and insti- tutional affiliations. Where a journal is owned by and published on behalf of the Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology, Universi- dad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) will take into account that Andean Road Countries for Science and Technology’s policy on this issue to the ex- tent it differs from Universidad Privada del Val- le’s (UNIVALLE) own.
Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) group’s journal program provides a home for validated, trusted research from the world’s brightest and best minds. The editor of a journal plays a vital role in advancing knowledge within fields of research. They do this by:
Maintaining and improving the quality of work the journal publishes and the in- tegrity of its peer review process,
Supporting the journal’s authors and re- viewers,
Maintaining and improving the jour- nal’s reputation in collaboration with the journal’s wider editorial team and Universidad Privada del Valle (UNI- VALLE).
To support this role, our Editor Code of Con- duct sets out the minimum standards for all ed- itors who have responsibility for decisions on journal content to help ensure our journals pub- lish quality, trustworthy content.
Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) will not tolerate any kind of harassment of our authors, editors, reviewers, staff, or vendors. We expect to work in an environment of mutu- al respect and will work with the Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) ethics team and legal team to deal with any cases of harassment. Advice for researchers experiencing harass- ment: As a researcher, you should expect your work to be scrutinized by the public, policy mak-
ers, and campaigners. However, some research- ers working on high-profile subjects that attract controversy have also found themselves target- ed with online harassment. To help researchers dealing with these issues, Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) has supported the Science Media Centre in producing an updated guide, including tips on how to deal with social media harassment.
Authors should only use images and figures in your article if they are relevant and valuable to the work reported. Please refrain from adding content of this type which is purely illustrative and does not add value to the scholarly work.
As a warranty in the Journal Author Publishing Agreement you make with us, you must obtain the necessary written permission to include ma- terial in your article that is owned and held in copyright by a third party, including – but not limited to – any proprietary text, illustration, ta- ble, or other material, including data, audio, vid- eo, film stills, screenshots, musical notation, and any supplemental material.
Content (e.g. photographs, video or audio re- cordings, 3D models, illustrations, etc) which can reveal the identity of patients, study partic- ipants or study subjects can only be included if they (or parents/guardians if they are underage or considered unable to provide informed con- sent, or their next of kin if participants are de- ceased) have provided Consent to Publish. If any of this type of content has been obtained from communities where additional permissions are required (e.g. an Elder or community leader in an indigenous community), or from a protected source (e.g. museum collections), then authors must obtain the required permissions for use prior to submission of the manuscript. These include specific considerations for arts, human- ities, and social sciences research, relating to cultural sensitivities or restrictions associated
with any images included. There are also spe- cific considerations for science, technology, and medicine, including detailing any image modifi- cations and our policies on inappropriate image manipulation.
Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) takes all forms of misconduct seriously and will take all necessary action, in accordance with COPE guidelines, to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.
Examples of misconduct include (but are not
limited to):
·Affiliation misrepresentation
·Breaches in copyright/use of third-party material without appropriate permissions
·Citation manipulation
·Duplicate submission/publication “Ethics dumping”
·Image or data manipulation/fabrication
·Peer review manipulation
·Plagiarism
·Text-recycling/self-plagiarism
·Undisclosed competing interests
·Unethical research
Articles published in Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) journals (including its im- prints) undergo thorough peer review and the Journal of Latin American Sciences and Cul- ture (JLASC) endorses COPE guidelines for reviewers.
Journals may operate different peer review processes. Our guide to understanding peer re- view outlines several different peer review mod- els, including:
·Single-anonymous peer review (also called ‘single-blind peer review’)
·Double-anonymous peer review (also called ‘double-blind peer review’)
·Open peer review
Every Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVAL- LE) journal publishes a statement describing the model of peer review used by the journal with- in the journal homepage. Generally, comments from a minimum of two independent experts are required to ensure complete assessment of the article.
The details of the comments as well as the over- all recommendations by peer reviewers will be considered by the Editor when making a deci- sion, but ultimate responsibility for acceptance or rejection lies with the Editor. In accordance with COPE recommendations on ethical editing for new Editors, Editors will assign any submis- sions they cannot handle (e.g. if they are the au- thor of an article submitted to their own journal) to a member of the Editorial Board or a guest editor. The majority of journals at Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) do not permit you to recommend peer reviewers. If you wish to suggest potential reviewers this information can be included in the covering letter, but it is at the discretion of the Editors to consider these re- viewers or not. Providing any false information about potential reviewers may lead to rejection of the article.
It is a requirement to maintain confidentiality and integrity of the peer review and editorial decision-making process at all stages, comply- ing with data protection regulations (includ- ing GDPR). The invited reviewer should declare any competing interest before submitting their report to the journal. If they wish to involve a colleague as a co-reviewer for an article, they should ask the journal editorial office before sharing the manuscript and include their names, affiliation and any relevant competing interests in the comments for Editors when they return their report. In the process of investigating an ethical query, the submitted manuscript, au- thor, reviewer, and any other person (including whistleblowers) involved will be treated in con- fidence. During an investigation it may be nec- essary for the Editor to share information with third parties, such as the ethics committee and/ or the authors’ institution.
Trust and integrity are among what readers val- ue the most in scholarly peer-reviewed journal content. That’s why the Journal of Latin Amer- ican Sciences and Culture takes the issue of plagiarism very seriously. The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) defines plagiarism as: “When somebody presents the work of oth- ers (data, words or theories) as if they were his/ her own and without proper acknowledgment.” For Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE), this applies to data, images, words or ideas taken from any materials in electronic or print formats without sufficient attribution. The use of any such material either directly or indirectly should be properly acknowledged in all instances. You should always cite your source.
We support the need for authors to share early versions of their work before peer-review pub- lication. There are also a number of options for Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) au- thors to share the final Version of Record of their published article.
A preprint, also known as the Author’s Original Manuscript (AOM), is your article before you have submitted it to a journal for peer review. Preprint servers are online repositories that en- able you to post this early version of your re- search paper online. If you upload your AOM to a non-commercial preprint server, you can sub- sequently submit the manuscript to a Universi- ty Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) journal. We do not consider posting on a preprint server to be duplicate publication and this will not jeop- ardize consideration for publication. If you’ve posted your AOM to a preprint server, we ask that, upon acceptance, you acknowledge that the article has been accepted for publication as fol- lows: “This article has been accepted for publica- tion in [JOURNAL TITLE], published by Univer- sidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE).”
After publication, please update your preprint, adding the following text to encourage others
to read and cite the final published version of your article (the “Version of Record”): “This is an original manuscript of an article published by Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) in [JOURNAL TITLE] on [date of publication], available online: http://xxxBArticle DOI].”
If you’ve published in Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) journal, there are many ways you can share different versions of your article with colleagues and peers.
All research published in Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) journals must have been conducted according to international and lo- cal guidelines ensuring ethically conducted re- search.
All research studies on humans (individuals, samples or data) must have been performed in accordance with the principles stated in the Dec- laration of Helsinki.
Prior to starting the study, ethical approval must have been obtained for all protocols from the lo- cal institutional review board (IRB) or other ap- propriate ethics committee to confirm the study meets national and international guidelines for research on humans. A statement to confirm this must be included within the manuscript, which must provide details of the name of the ethics committee and reference/permit numbers where available.
This includes:
·Prospective studies on humans
·Clinical trials
·Clinical Case reports
·Organ or tissue transplants
·Human embryos and human stem cells
·Consent for research involving children, adolescents, and vulnerable or incapacitated study participants
·Retrospective studies
·Survey studies
·Covert observational research
·Research on indigenous communities
·Communication research
·Social media research
Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) en- dorses the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), which emphasizes that patients and study par- ticipants have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. In accor- dance with the principles outlined in the Nurem- berg Code, the Belmont Report, and the Amer- ican Anthropological Association, informed consent must be voluntarily obtained from the participant who should be fully informed of the study including any of the benefits and risks in- volved.
Studies involving vertebrates or regulated inver- tebrates (e.g. cephalopods), field studies and oth- er non-experimental research on animals must have been carried out after obtaining approval from the relevant institutional ethics committee or the institutional animal use and care commit- tee. Research procedures must be carried out in accordance with applicable national or interna- tional guidelines. In field studies, authors must have also obtained any necessary permits for ac- cess to lands. Authors must include a statement within the manuscript to provide details of the name of the ethics committee(s) which approved the study and include the permit or animal li- cense numbers where available.
Universidad Privada del Valle (UNIVALLE) journals will only consider research which has been carried out in compliance with institutional biosafety and biosecurity policies, which in turn should be informed by national or international recommendations.
Research should be communicated in a way that supports verification and reproducibility, and as such we encourage authors to provide compre- hensive descriptions of their research rationale, protocol, methodology, and analysis. To aid au- thors in this, a number of study-design-specific consensus-based reporting guidelines have been developed, and we recommend you use these as guidance prior to submitting your manuscript. A comprehensive list of reporting guidelines for medicine and health research can be accessed via the EQUATOR network website, and for biosci- ences research via the MIBBI Foundry portal.
You must obtain the necessary permission to reuse third-party material in your article. These materials may include – but are not limited to
– text, illustration, photographs, tables, data, au- dio, video, film stills, screenshots, or musical no- tation. The use of short extracts of text and some other types of material is usually permitted, on a limited basis, for the purposes of criticism and review without securing formal permission. If you wish to include any material in your paper for which you do not hold copyright, and which is not covered by this informal agreement, you will need to obtain written permission from the copyright owner prior to submission.
JLASC is sponsored by the Andean Road Coun- tries for Science and Technology (ARCST), the Universidad Privada del Valle (Bolivia), and Elektro High Tech Co. Ltd.
Cervantes Institute, Chaoxuan Intelligent Re- search Institute, Media and Information Literacy (MIL) UNESCO.
JLASC is affiliated and supported by the Ande- an Road Countries for Science and Technology (ARCST), the Universidad Privada del Valle (Bo- livia), and Elektro High Tech Co. Ltd. and China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Develop- ment Foundation (CBCGDF).
ARCST is an international scientific organization founded in 2018 based on the general principles of “joint consultation, joint effort and joint shar- ing” and the promotion of shared development and achievement of the UN SDGs.
ARCST members include national academies of sciences, universities, research institutes, and international organizations. ARCST is commit- ted to playing an effective role in catalyzing and implementing innovative international science initiatives to build a community of the whole humankind with a shared future. Science, Technology, Innovation, and Capacity building (STIC) is essential to the progress and welfare of human societies and ARCST is particularly keen to cooperate and partner with those who want to collaborate in these endeavors. Promoting the popularization of Science, the exchange of knowledge, the diffusion of information, mutual learning, and collaboration.
To become an international science organization of global impact in catalyzing and implementing concrete innovative programs, initiatives and actions in Science, Technology, Innovation, and Capacity Building (STIC) for the promotion of shared development and the advancement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We welcome you to join ARCST!
To improve people’s lives through meaningful innovation.
To inspire the world with innovative technolo- gies, products, and design that enrich people’s lives and contribute to social prosperity by creat- ing a new future.
Founded on October 4, 1988 by Dr. Gonzalo Ruiz Martínez; Univalle has been projected as a syn- onym for academic excellence in Latin America with more than 32 undergraduate degree pro- grams. Currently, about 14,000 national and foreign students carry out their higher studies in the university infrastructure with the great- est technological advance in Bolivia. In these
33 years of academic trajectory, Univalle has trained more than 16,000 professionals at the un- dergraduate and postgraduate levels in its four locations, which are located in Cochabamba, La Paz, Sucre and Trinidad. And soon in the new headquarters located in Santa Cruz. Our history reflects the fact that ... “We are the Scientific An- swer to the Future”.
The China Foundation for Biodiversity Conser- vation and Green Development (CBCGDF), a uniform social credit code: 53100000500009167K, is a country-wide non-profit public foundation and a social legal entity dedicated to conserva- tion n of biodiversity and green development. It is an independent NGO on the environment, biodiversity conservation, sustainability and CCAfa (“Community Conservation Area”). It is a member of IUCN and the UN Global Compact, and an accredited observer of the UN IPBES. It is also a member of the Global Genome Biodiver- sity Network (GGBN), a partner of the Conven- tion on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), and an observer of the Convention on International Trade in Endan- gered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food. n and Agriculture (ITPGR- FA) of the FAO of the United Nations. It is an official data publisher of the Global Biodiversi- ty Information Facility (GBIF). By far, CBCGDF has funded hundreds of grassroots NGOs and supported tens of thousands of people and or- ganized many environmental and conservation events across the country to raise awareness, en- courage people and empower people.
The Cervantes Institute was founded in Spain in 1991. The largest organization of its kind, its mis- sion is to promote the teaching and learning of Spanish and to make known the diverse cultures of Spanish speaking countries.
Chaoxuan is a group enterprise integrating re- search, operation and service, includes research institute, intelligent technology, vocational ed- ucation, human resource service, industrial operation, financial capital and other business segments, and is committed to the top-level con- struction and systematic service of ecological scene. Focusing on the strategic deployment of the State, Chaoxuan adheres to the concept of selecting the better of the best and open inter- connection, gathers expert resources and lead- ing enterprises, takes research as the lead, takes Digital Twin and other IOT as the support, takes vocational education and human resources ser- vices as the core, collaborates with ecological platform, helps with capital and together with public welfare. Chaoxuan has taken the lead in the construction industry and rural revitaliza- tion and achieved remarkable results, promot- ing the transformation and upgrading of tradi- tional industries and promoting sound economic and social development. Chaoxuan has national high-tech, Zhongguancun High-tech, vocational education, labor dispatch, human resources ser- vice licensing, radio and TV program production and more than 200 intellectual property rights such as patents, Copyrights, trademarks and so on.Chaoxuan Research Institute is a leading technology and mode research and development institution set up by Chaoxuan Group. The Insti- tute brings together academicians and experts in various fields, and has an academic committee and some expert committees. Focusing on the industry’s pain points and social development needs, the Institute carries out theoretical re- search, industry research, model design, tech- nology application, standard compilation and
international exchanges, providing strong sup- port for economic and social development.
Media and Information Literacy (MIL)
UNESCO
Our brains depend on information to work op- timally. The quality of information we engage with largely determines our perceptions, beliefs and attitudes. It could be information from oth- er persons, the media, libraries, archives, muse- ums, publishers, or other information providers including those on the Internet. People across the world are witnessing a dramatic increase in ac- cess to information and communication. While some people are starved for information, others are flooded with print, broadcast and digital content. Media and Information Literacy (MIL) provides answers to the questions that we all ask ourselves at some point. How can we ac- cess, search, critically assess, use and contribute content wisely, both online and offline? What are our rights online and offline? What are the ethical issues surrounding the access and use of information? How can we engage with me- dia and ICTs to promote equality, intercultural and interreligious dialogue, peace, freedom of expression and access to information? Through capacity-building resources, such as curricula development, policy guidelines and articulation, and assessment framework, UNESCO supports the development of MIL competencies among people. Free and open online courses are avail- able for self-paced learning about MIL. Through media and information technologies, the Or- ganization facilitates networking and research through the Global Alliance for Partnerships on MIL (GAPMIL) and MIL University Network. The recently-launched MIL CLICKS social me- dia initiative is also part of UNESCO’s strategy
to enable media and information literate societ- ies.
Mega Science
Science popularization means to bring science to the general public, to disseminate knowledge and to foster a scientific way of thinking among people. In particular, science popularization re- fers to the understanding of science and public engagement. In this way science populariza- tion is a powerful tool and a strategic measure to build a modern society, not only disseminat- ing useful knowledge and skills but spreading a general approach and a common culture. In gen- eral, conflicts between science community and public opinion are connected to people’s distrust but also to scientists’ prejudice. In some cases, science is not correctly understood by non-scien- tist due to the use of technical jargon and wrong communication. We believe that every topic can be the object of science popularization; it only depends on the communication skills of who is in charge of the dissemination and the way to disseminate it. That is why we are glad to co- operate with Mega Science, the first platform of science popularization that creates and shares content in three languages and in diverse areas of science. Scan the following QR code to know more about it.
The Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture promotes the
A practical approach emerged to foster
The Journal of Latin American Sciences and Culture is promoting the “Green Science Proj- ect”. A practical approach emerged to foster MIL and SCIENCE LITERACY
We live in a technology-driven world, character- ized by an overarching trend for digitalization that crosses all sectors of society and in the face of the growing impact of media. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes on media and information increasingly become an essential instrument for all citizens. The competencies for interac- tion and engagement of citizens with media and other information providers, including those on the Internet, are needed for all citizens and this is a lifelong learning process to which different stakeholders can contribute, in formal, informal, and non-formal initiatives.
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) has been growing steadily in all regions of the world, with many international and national organizations and initiatives being held. MIL is an anteced- ent of science literacy. When MIL is combined with science literacy, they can empower ordi- nary citizens to contribute to the fight against climate change.
The set of competencies to understand how cli- mate change happens, its impacts, and relevant mitigation approaches are part of science litera- cy, often referred to as “climate literacy”. They are acquired and frequently applied by means of information, media, and digital technology, and are thus intertwined with MIL competencies. Citizens who lack MIL competencies are prone to climate-related disinformation and unverified claims disseminated through various forms of online and offline media. This leads to a low lev- el of acceptance of climate change science, and ignorance of the actions that we can all take indi- vidually and collectively. The uninformed rejec- tion of climate change science, nowadays quite common in public discourse, is a major obstacle and can be tackled with MIL.
Media and technology companies play a cen- tral role in educating and informing citizens on climate change. Media outlets and information flow on digital communications platforms am- plify the urgency of the crisis, communicate key
facts about climate, and debunk climate change denial and other conspiracy theories. It is hence crucial for citizens to know how this news and online content are produced, for what purposes, and based on what sources. MIL is also vital for journalists to ensure factual and evidence-based reporting on climate.
The work from UNESCO in this regard is groundbreaking and there are countless efforts to promote and implement MIL internationally while accounting for its contribution to SDGs. Media and information literate citizens and de- cision-makers are able to access reliable infor- mation to make informed decisions as regards consumption and carbon footprint. They are able to adapt or change their attitudes and behaviors accordingly to avoid actions or policies that can exacerbate the crisis, based on accurate informa- tion and evidence. They are equipped to proac- tively counter climate change and contribute to strengthening the public trust in climate change science.
Our practical approach calls for:
Raising awareness of the importance of checking facts related to environmental sustainability and paying attention to in- formation sources;
Providing people with the tools and re- sources needed to learn how to check sources of information, spot disinfor- mation and spread information on the climate emergency in a responsible way;
Encouraging people to get informed on the latest news, facts and research about the climate emergency and what can be done at different levels.
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We aim to bring together experts from different areas of expertise and knowledge about the dif- ferent levels of MIL maturity or development that can be found around the globe to sharing of ideas and experiences. Additionally, it is expect- ed to focus on challenges in each context with the objective of informing future policy recom- mendations on the best strategies to cope with the identified challenges.